Endometriosis is a chronic, often painful condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterine cavity. This ectopic endometrial tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, outer surface of the uterus, and other organs within the pelvis. Each menstrual cycle, this misplaced tissue responds to hormonal changes by thickening, breaking down, and bleeding, much like the normal endometrial tissue. However, unlike menstrual blood that exits the body, this blood has no way to escape, leading to inflammation, pain, and the formation of scar tissue (adhesions). Common symptoms of endometriosis include severe menstrual cramps, chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and infertility. The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but factors such as retrograde menstruation, immune system disorders, and genetic predisposition are believed to play a role. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of pelvic exams, imaging tests like ultrasounds or MRIs, and sometimes laparoscopy. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and can include pain management, hormonal therapy to suppress menstrual cycles, and surgical interventions to remove the endometrial tissue. Despite being a chronic condition, various treatment strategies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected.